Showing posts with label sleep fragmentation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sleep fragmentation. Show all posts

13 September 2016

Sleep Hygiene September || Take 2 Tips: Be prudent about pot

AUG 18 || SOUND SLEEP HEALTH
Marijuana: Is it an effective sleep aid?
"Is smoking marijuana different than consuming it in edible form? ... Yes. Smoking (or vaping) marijuana introduces the same or similar problems that smoking cigarettes brings: inhaled particulate matter has a long-term detrimental effect on the respiratory system. ... However, consuming marijuana in edible or capsule forms does not seem to result in the same systemic inflammation caused by inhaling smoke. This bodes well for people who are turning to marijuana for treatment of pain..."

AUG 19 || FUTURITY
More sleep trouble with daily marijuana habit
"Daily marijuana users report more sleep disturbance than people who use marijuana less often or not at all, new research finds. This counters the perception that the drug helps to treat insomnia."

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23 November 2015

Don't let GERD ruin your Thanksgiving OR your sleep

According to the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic disease that can occur when stomach contents repeatedly flow backwards into the esophagus (food pipe). Though generally a treatable disease, serious complications can result if GERD is not treated properly." GERD can have a dramatic impact on sleep, leading to risks of aspirating these stomach acids while sleeping, aggravating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and experiencing the sleep fragmentation that comes with every time you wake up to the discomfort of heartburn symptoms.

The IFFGD encourages people who have long-term problems with heartburn (more than once a week, worsening, or continuous over time) to talk to their doctor, as these symptoms may signal something more serious than occasional digestive distress caused by overeating. An accurate diagnosis can help you find the correct treatment so you can sleep comfortably again.

More information at the IFFGD website

27 September 2015

Today's #Sleeptember Commentary --- Enough with the energy drinks already

This awesome infographic comes courtesy of The Family Compass. 
From the Curator:

I was standing in line at Walmart once and a family with a little boy around age 8 was ahead of me. The boy yanked on his dad's arm enough times while pointing at the impulse aisle that his father finally relented. I smiled, reminded of the days when we used to do this to my Mom at the grocery store, hoping to get a Charleston Chew or Butterfinger or Brown & Haley's Mountain Bar out of our efforts.

The boy opened up the refrigerate section there and pulled out a tall Monster energy drink instead.

Wait... what?

The parents mindlessly placed the can on the conveyor belt with the rest of their groceries. The boy was so excited! I was shocked.

Not that a candy bar is a better option than a can of soda. I realize that both are bad choices. But a kid at age 8 grabbing a soda that's been highly caffeinated on purpose strikes me as a bit concerning.

He didn't strike me as a hyperactive kid, so I thought maybe it was just a sometimes treat, like my candy bar winnings at the supermarket when I was a kid.

Then the father stepped over to the refrigerator section and grabbed himself a can. And the mother followed suit.

At least it was late in the morning and not right before or after dinner. Then I might have even had the nerve to step up and ask the kid's parents if they knew just how much caffeine their kid was consuming and whether they had problems getting junior to sleep at night.

#SLEEPTEMBER

It would seem obvious that consuming a product such as a so-called "energy drink" would likely interfere with one's sleep. These products contain caffeine. They are meant to stimulate the brain and body. This is why they are manufactured in the first place.

What consumers don't seem to understand is timing. Drinking caffeine in the afternoon and evening is going to alter your circadian system and disrupt your sleep onset. Not my opinion; there's a ton of evidence showing that caffeine not only overstimulates the central nervous system in such a way as to interfere with sleep, but that it actually resets your circadian rhythms in a way that can lead to big problems down the line for most of us who are already sleep deprived and can't afford to give ourselves additional insomnia or, worse, a full-fledged circadian rhythm disorder.

Or maybe consumers do understand the timing... the most popular demographic of energy drink consumers is the teenage to college age subset. These energy drink fans usually turn to the beverage for a morning pick up (rather than coffee), or to stay up late (to study or participate in other late-night activities) or to stay awake during class in the afternoon (probably because they stayed up late to study or participate in other late-night activities).

But don't take it from me. I love coffee and cola and tea as much as the next person, but the writing is on the wall for all of us. Read more about energy drinks and their negative impact on sleep health here:
    Energy drinks aren't exactly the same thing as coffee, by the way. Check out the informal chart below (data pulled from the Caffeine Informer database). Listed are a few popular energy drinks, including a couple of "shots" (as opposed to tall cans) and coffee and soda listings for comparison.

    While a cup of coffee offers about 20mg of caffeine for per fluid ounce, take a shot of 5-Hour Energy and you're getting 100mg per fluid ounce of caffeine in a little sip! And the popular energy drink, Hijinks, measures in at almost 182mg per fluid ounce in a shot half the size of 5-Hour Energy!


    If that doesn't blow your mind already, there are nearly 400 different varieties of energy drinks listed in the Caffeine Informer database. Who knew? Yes, the energy drink market is vast and compelling when you consider that it's not the only source of caffeine beverages we can purchase freely. Think about all the tea products on the market, the cold-brew coffees, the cold coffee drinks, the caffeine-spiked waters and caffeinated fruit drinks, the sodas and colas, and, of course, America's favorite pastime, coffee itself--from drip to espresso to latte to Americano to the current seasonal craving, PSL*.

    Keep in mind a few other things when considering the chart numbers. For one thing, a cup of drip coffee has no calories and no sugar (unless you add them afterward). The amount of sugar that makes up these energy drink formulas is pretty high and can also lead to that stimulant feeling simply by giving the consumer an instant sugar high. (Diabetes, anyone?)

    Also, many energy drinks include other stimulant supplements as ingredients. These may be natural products but that does not mean they are any more or less safe than caffeine for people with heart problems, respiratory problems, ADHD, and/or problems with sleep. Guarana, kava, creatine, ginseng and taurine are popular additions which have side effects of their own, such as aggravation of asthma, central nervous system dysfunction, eye problems, insomnia, and heart irregularities.

    Finally, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents get no more than 100 mg of caffeine daily, but nearly all of the energy drinks listed in the chart below far exceed that amount in the packaging sizes most commonly purchased and consumed.

    For the boy in Walmart, the AAP is far more restrictive: no daily consumption is recommended. I hope that boy was just having a rare treat that day, but judging by his parents' behavior, I'm inclined to think this problem with energy drinks is probably already a family affair.

    Fortunately, quitting energy drinks is not so much different than kicking the coffee habit. Hard, but not impossible. It might take longer with coffee drinks because the brain and body become habituated to higher levels of regular caffeine via energy drinks than they do with simple drip coffee, and there is also the sugar (and, potentially, the supplement) habit to also kick, but with concerted effort, one could still wean oneself off this habit.

    With that in mind, here are some ideas for kicking the Monster can to the curb (but please, recycle it, k?):
    *PSL = Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte.

    10 September 2015

    Today's #Sleeptember FACT --- Your legs need to sleep too!

    #SLEEPTEMBER

    If you struggle to get to sleep because your legs just don't seem to want to settle down, you may be suffering from Restless Legs Syndrome (also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease).

    Often the only way to achieve relief from your "jimmy legs" is to get up and walk around, have a massage or take a warm shower. But for people who are already sleepy, this added nightly ritual further cuts into their sleep schedule. What's worse, even if you do manage to fall asleep after a delay while you calm down your legs, they may still be active all night long after you've fallen asleep, which can lead to sleep fragmentation, nocturnal leg cramps and poor overall sleep quality. You may not notice it, but your sleep partner will.

    Listen to your bed partner if they complain that your legs (or, less likely but still possibly, your arms) toss about all night long. Not only are your limbs keeping you from achieving quality deep sleep, they are also keeping your bed partner up. 

    Fortunately, treating this common sleep disorder is simple. Learn more about what RLS/WEB in this great article in Psychology Today, "Restless Legs Syndrome: The most common disorder you have never heard of."








    15 July 2015

    ABCs of SLEEP || F is for Fragmentation

    Fragmentation is what occurs during sleep when you struggle to maintain one long stretch of uninterrupted sleep. Instead, you awaken frequently, and can't get good blocks of deep sleep, as a result. It is a marker of sleep-maintenance insomnia, the kind of insomnia in which you have no trouble falling asleep, but you arouse easily and often and, therefore, cannot maintain sleep.

    What makes fragmentation particularly difficult is that if you have multiple periods of awakening, you become conscious that you aren't sleeping, but that you should be sleeping. Rumination and hypervigilance about sleep loss tend to perpetuate anxiety, which then only adds to your inability to fall asleep again. If you have ever watched the clock all night long, after falling asleep easily but waking up frequently after you've fallen asleep, then you are experiencing fragmented sleep.

    The worry that comes with not getting good sleep isn't without good reason. Fragmented sleep can be a nighttime devil for many.

    When your sleep is fragmented, you are less likely to cycle through the slow-wave sleep that helps your body heal and you are more likely to wake up unrefreshed in the morning (because you've been awake, on and off, all night).

    Sleep fragmentation also threatens certain brain processing functions like memory consolidation and can even interfere with the brains ability to keep consciousness and memory separate.

    As we age, our sleep is more likely to fragment, though it's not well understood as to why. It could be a normal byproduct of aging or the result of medication use or the presence of other illnesses.

    People with depression and anxiety, who also have fragmented sleep, may see their mental illness worsen. Also, people with Parkinson's Disease, dementia and other neurological troubles may report broken sleep patterns as a symptom of their condition.

    Other sleep disorders, like narcolepsy, periodic leg movement disorder, restless legs, UARS and sleep apnea, may also lead to sleep fragmentation.

    Treating sleep fragmentation requires identifying its root cause first and treating it. Easier said than done...  If there are no physical or mental illnesses or medications that could explain the sleep fragmentation, then doctors have little else to go on except for the presence of sleep-maintenance insomnia. Patients with this sleep disorder may benefit greatly from cognitive behavior therapy.

    20 September 2014

    Guest Post || Edward Grandi on Sleep Apnea: What is it and what can I do about it?


    "My bed partner tells me I snore and sometimes stop breathing while I am asleep... Should I be concerned?"


    Snoring and pauses in breathing happen even in healthy people, especially when they sleep on their back or consume alcoholic beverages too close to bedtime.

    Edward Grandi served as
    executive director of the
    American Sleep Apnea
    Association from 2004 to
    2014. During his tenure he
    contributed significantly to
    raising the visibility of the
    ASAA in the public media
    and the sleep community. He
    is considered a subject matter
    expert on sleep apnea and
    continues to serve as a
    resource on the subject.
    These events, called apneas or hypopneas (partial or complete obstructions that result in reduced airflow to the lungs) become an issue when they happen often during sleep and over many sleeping periods during the week.

    There are two issues related to apnea that can have far-reaching effects on someone's health. First is the fragmentation of sleep. Second is the reduction in blood oxygen necessary to support vital organs.

    Fragmented sleep 
    This happens when sleep interrupted by brief awakenings or arousals that take place as the body restarts breathing after these pauses occur. Such pauses in breathing, to be medically significant, must last 10 seconds or longer and occur, on average, more than 5 times per hour of time asleep. 

    The arousals that follow do not necessarily result in waking up, but often move the sleeper to a lighter stage of sleep. These pauses and consequent arousals disrupt the normal sleep cycle, leading to fragmented sleep. This prevents the sleeper from benefiting from deeper stages of sleep, when the body is most relaxed and key restorative processes can take place, including during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) or dream sleep. People experiencing fragmented sleep complain of waking up not feeling refreshed from their sleep.

    Reduction in blood oxygen
    The frequent pauses in breathing that cause partial or complete obstruction of air entering the lungs (hypopneas and apnea) result in less oxygen in the bloodstream and, in turn, to organs like the heart, kidneys and brain. The result is hypoxia, the medical term for no oxygen in the blood. This can be serious if it occurs frequently or chronically. The body, starved of oxygen, will take measures to keep breathing, including arousing as mentioned above. The result to a human body subjected to this oxygen starvation for long enough is death.

    What is sleep apnea? 
    The symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the medical condition that results from experiencing many apneas and hypopneas during the course of the night, can vary. Among them are excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, increased irritability, depression, high blood pressure, weight gain and erectile dysfunction. The list continues to grow as more research is done.

    Risk factors for OSA
    Simply put, everybody is at risk for OSA--both old and young, male and female, obese and normal weight, adults and children. It is a fallacy to think that OSA only affects overweight middle-aged males. 

    It doesn't take much for the opening to the upper airway to be blocked either partially or completely. A large tongue, a narrow or crowded opening to the upper airway due to fatty tissue, a long uvula... all these can contribute to having OSA.

    Diagnosing and Treating OSA 
    The best way to know for certain if you have OSA is to have a physical examination that includes medical history plus a sleep study, which can take place either in the home or in a sleep lab. Depending on the type of sleep study you need, the test will gather information about your breathing (or lack of breathing) during sleep. 

    On the basis of that information, the severity of your condition is determined by way of a measurement called the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). The basic index formula is: 
    AHI = apneas+hypopneas/
    hours asleep or in bed

    On the basis of these results, the treating physician will make some recommendations on how to improve your sleep by reducing or eliminating these apneas and hypopneas.

    There are a number of treatment options for OSA, with more being developed based on research. Which treatment is right for you depends a lot on the severity of your OSA and what you can tolerate. This should be the subject of a discussion between you and your treating physician.

    In the meantime, if your bed partner tells you that you snore and sometimes stop breathing while asleep, and if you also awaken not feeling refreshed in the morning, here are some things you can do right away that may help:

    1. Avoid sleeping on your back. When you sleep on your back, you increase the likelihood that your mouth will come open and your tongue will slide back to block the opening to your upper airway.
    2. Breath through your nose. Make certain not to experience nasal congestion when going to sleep. This will reduce the chances of mouth breathing.
    3. Practice good sleep hygiene. Check out these 12 simple tips to improve sleep
    If, after you try these tips, you are still snoring and having frequent pauses in breathing, and you continue to awaken feeling unrefreshed after a night's sleep, please consult a physician qualified in sleep medicine to further determine the kind of problem you have and how to treat it.

    Healthy sleep is the key to a healthy life. --Edward Grandi

    © Edward Grandi 2014, All Rights Reserved